COPING WITH ADVERSITY

COPING WITH ADVERSITY

WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN THINGS ARE DIFFICULT?

LET US CONSIDER THE STORY OF LAZARUS, MARY AND MARTHAR FRIENDS OF JESUS CHRIST

TEXT : JOHN 11

LAZARUS  RAISED FROM THE DEAD BY JESUS CHRIST

VS 1 A CERTAIN MAN WAS SICK NAMED LAZARUS OF BETHANY, THE TOWN OF MARY AND HER SISTER MARTHAR

VS 2 IT WAS THE MARY WHICH ANOINTED THE LORD WITH OINTMENT AND WIPED HIS FEET, WITH HER HAIR WHOSE BROTHER LAZARUS WAS SICK.

3 THEREFORE HIS SISTER SENT UNTO HIM SAYING, LORD, BEHOLD, HE WHOM THOU LOVEST IS SICK.

4) JESUS SAID: THIS SICKNESS IS NOT UNTO DEATH, BUT FOR THE GLORY OF GOD, THAT THE SON OF GOD MIGHT BE GLORIFIED THEREBY.

JESUS LOVED MARTHAR, AND HER SISTER MARY AND LAZARUS. JESUS LOVES YOU TOO.

LAZARUS WAS SICK AND EVENTUALLY DIED. THESE UNPLEASNT EVENTS DID NOT IN ANYWAY CHANGE THE FACT THAT JESUS LOVES MARY MARTHAR AND LAZARUS. NO MATTER WHAT YOU MAY BE PASSING THROUGH, JESUS LOVES YOU.

WHATEVER YOU DO WILL CHARACTERIZE YOU. MARY WAS REFERRED TO AS THE PERSON WHO ANOINTED JESUS’S FEET WITH A COSTLY OINTMENT AND WIPED HIS FEET WITH HER HAIR. BY THEIR FRUITS WE SHALL KNOW THEM. HOW WOULD YOU LIKE TO BE REMEMBERED? WHAT ARE YOU DOING NOW. HOW WOULD YOU LIKE TO BE CHARACTERIZED?

IT IS EASY TO RELATE TO YOUR FRIENDS. THESE WERE FRIENDS OF JESUS CHRIST AND THEY SENT FOR JESUS CHRIST WHEN THEY NEEDED HELP. WHEN YOU ARE IN TROUBLE WHO DO YOU SEND FOR? IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU MAKE JESUS CHRIST YOUR FRIEND TODAY. IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT THAT YOU KNOW THAT JESUS LOVES YOU. THEY KNEW THAT JESUS LOVES THEM. THEY KNEW THAT JESUS LOVES LAZARUS. THEY SENT FOR LAZARUS.

EVEN WHEN THINGS ARE DIFFICULT FOR YOU, JESUS CHRIST STILL LOVES YOU.

JESUS CHRIST EXPLAINED THAT THE SICKNESS WILL BRING GLORY TO GOD. EVERYTHING AND ANYTHING GOD ALLOWS IN YOUR LIFE WILL BRING GLORY TO HIS HOLY NAME. GOD WILL BE GLORIFIED ALWAYS.

LET US TRUST GOD ALL THE TIME.

JESUS SPENT SOME MORE TIME AFTER THE NEWS (TWO DAYS.)

VS 7-8 JESUS CHRIST DECIEDED TO GO TO JUDEA. THIS WORRIED THE DISCIPLES

9 JESUS ANSWERED, ARE THERE NOT TWELVE HOURS IN THE DAY? IF ANY MAN WALK IN THE DAY, HE STUMBLETH NOT, BECAUSE HE SEETH THE LIGHT OF THIS WORLD.

AVOID DARKNESS. AVOID DOING THINGS IN THE DARK.  TRUST IN OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST. JESUS IS THE LIGHT.  USE THE DAY WISELY AND YOU WILL NOT STUMBLE. THIS IS TRUE DIRECTLY AND FIGURATIVELY.

JESUS IS THE LIGHT. WALK IN THE LIGHT AND YOU WILL NOT FALL. READ THE WORD OF GOD AND MEDITATE ON IT DAY AND NIGHT. HIDE THE WORD OF GOD IN YOUR HEART. YOU ARE THE LIGHT WHEN YOU HAVE JESUS CHRIST IN YOUR HEART. ARISE AND SHINE. AVOID DARK CORNERS AND LONELY PLACES. DO NOT MAKE YOURSELF AN EASY TARGET. WALK AND WORK IN THE LIGHT OF THE DAY AND YOU SHALL BE SAFE.

VS 25 I AM THE RESURRECTION AND THE LIFE HE THAT BELIEVETH IN ME, THOUGH HE WERE DEAD YEA SHALL HE LIVE SAID JESUS CHRIST.

VS 26 BELIEVE IN OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST

VS 28 MARTHA CALLED MARY.

GO TO JESUS CHRIST ALWAYS. PRAY AND READ THE BIBLE ABD SING SONGS OF PRAISE.

WHEN YOU ARE SAVED TELL OTHERS ABOUT IT THAT THEY TOO MAY BE SAVED.

29 MARY WENT QUICKLY TO JESUS CHRIST

WHEN YOU ARE CALLED AND INFORMED ABOUT JESUS CHRIST RESPOND QUICKLY.

CHRISTIANS ARE SINCERE. IN THERE SINCERITY GOD EXPLAINS THINGS TO THEM.

MARTHA  POINTED OUT TO JESUS CHRIST THAT HE CAME LATE AND AS A RESULT LAZARUS DIED. JESUS EXPLAINED THAT WHEN YOU BELIEVE OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST, YOU WILL NEVER DIE.

VS 35 JESUS WEPT

JESUS CHRIST FEELS WHAT WE FEEL. HE UNDERSTANDS EVEN WHEN WE DO NOT UNDERSTAND.

THAT IS WHY HE IS IN A POSSISION TO HELP US.

40 IF YOU BELIEVE THOU SHOULDEST SEE THE GLORY OF GOD.

41  JESUS CHRIST PRAYED

WHEN YOU HAVE WORK TO DO PRAY FIRST.

JESUS CHRIST PRAYED AND GAVE THANKS TO GOD FOR HAVING HEARD HIM.

LEARN TO GIVE THANKS. THANK GOD ALWAYS. WHEN YOU ARE THANKFUL AND YOU GIVE THANKS, YOU WILL FIND MORE THINGS AND MORE REASONS TO BE THANKFUL AND YOU WILL REJOICE ALWAYS. GIVE THANKS ALWAYS. GIVE THANKS TO GOD ALWAYS.

43 HE PRAYED FIRST THEN CALLED LAZARUS. LEARN TO PRAY BEFORE YOU ACT.

45 MANY JEWS BELIEVED.

SOME TOLD THE PHARASEES.

50 THE DEATH OF JESUS CHRIST WAS PROPHESIED.

57 THE PRIESTS PLANNED TO ARREST JESUS CHRIST.     

BACKUP PROTECTION1

BACKUP PROTECTION

BACKUP PROTECTION

BACKUP PROTECTION

BACKUP PROTECTION

BACKUP PROTECTION

THE PRINCIPLE OF BACKUP PROTECTION WITH OVERCURRENT RELAYS FOR ANY RELAY X, BACKING UP THE NEXT DOWNSTREAM RELAY Y IS THAT X MUST PICK UP;

A) FOR ONE THIRD OF THE MINIMUM CURRENT SEEN BY Y AND

B) FOR THE MAXIMUM CURRENT SEEN BY Y BUT NO SOONER THAN 0.3S AFTER Y SHOULD HAVE PICKED UP FOR THAT CURRENT.

PRIMARY AND BACK UP PROTECTION

PRIMARY AND BACK UP PROTECTION SCHEMES

PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME

PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REMOVAL OF THE FAULT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE WHILE DEENERGISING AS LITTLE OF THE SYSTEM AS REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THIS.

PROBLEM: SOME PRIMARY AND BACK UP PROTECTION SCHEMES

COMPONENTS MAY FAIL HENCE THE NEED FOR BACK UP.

WHEN A SYSTEM IS ADEQUATELY PROTECTED, THERE IS ENHANCED ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SECURITY. SOMETIMES, THE PROTECTION SCHEME COMPONENTS FAIL. THIS AFFECTS THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM INTEGRITY.

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B

 

DIAGRAM SHOWING BACKUP PROTECTION IN A POWER SYSTEM

CONSIDER THE POWER SYSTEM SHOWN IN THE DRAWING

FOR A FAULT AT P

PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME WILL OPEN BREAKER F AND BREAKER G

BACK UP OPTIONS

DUPLICATE PRIMARY

IT IS EFFECTIVE BUT EXPENSIVE

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEMES

(THE DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME SHARE COMPONENTS EG. CB, BATTERIES WHICH OPERATE BREAKER TRIP COIL, CTS AND VTS)

BOTH PRIMARIES COULD BE EFFECTED BY THE FAILURE OF ONE OF THESE COMMON COMPONENTS.

{THE DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME  HAS THE PROBLEM OF COMMON MODE FAILURE.}

HENCE

REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION SYSTEM

REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION SYSTEM

THE POSSIBILITY OF A COMMON MODE OF FAILURE WITH THE PRIMARY PROTECTION SYSTEM IS SLIGHT.

IT IS INCOPORATED TO THE PRIMARY PROTECTION SYSTEM; AT THE REMOTE END.

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION SYSTEM

IT ISOLATES A LARGER PART OF THE SYSTEM IN THE EVENT OF A FAULT OR DUE TO FALSE TRIPPING. 

AN EXAMPLE TO ILLUSTRATE PRIMARY AND REMOTE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

EG.

IF PRIMARY PROTECTION AT BUS 1  FAILED TO CLEAR FAULT AT P (IF WE ASSUME THAT THE BUS 5 END OPERATES CORRECTLY,)

THE PRIMARY PROTECTION SYSTEM AT 2,3,4, CAN BE MADE OR ARRANGED TO TRIP A,D,H.

THIS MEANS THAT

PROTECTION SYSTEMS AT 2,3 & 4

CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE PRIMARY PROTECTION SHEMES FOR FAULS ON LINES 2-1, 3-1 AND 4-1 AND

REMOTE BACKUP FOR THE PRIMARY PROTECTION AT BUS 1 FOR LINE 1-5

THERE SHOULD BE A DELAY TO REDUCE THE NEUSANCE VALUE ASSOCIATED WITH BACKUP PROTECTION ESPECIALLY REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION.

HENCE THE BACKUP IS MADE SLOWER IN ACTING.

THE DELAY IS CALLED COORDINATION TIME DELAY.

THIS HELPS TO CORDINATE THE OPERATION OF THE PRIMARY AND THE BACKUP PROTECTION SYSTEM.

AN ALTERNATIVE BACKUP COULD BE TO TRIP B,C,E LOCATED AT BUS 1 CALLED LOCAL BACKUP PROTECTION.

THIS LOCAL BACKUP PROTECTION IS USED TO BACKUP THE FAILURE OF CB RESPONSIBLE FOR FAILT CLEARING (IN THIS CASE F)

ALSO CALLED BREAKER- FAILURE PROTECTION

NOTE THAT PRIMARY AND LOCAL PROTECTIONSYSTEMS SHARE CERTAIN SUBSYSTEM AND SUBSTATION COMPONENTS AND DEVICES

EG. STATION BATTERY

CERTAIN MODES OF FAILURE ARE COMMON TO THE TWO SYSTEMS

HENCE A WELL DESIGNED PROTECTION SYTEM WOULD HAVE SOME REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION.

BACKUP PROTECTION

BACKUP PROTECTION

THE PRINCIPLE OF BACKUP PROTECTION WITH OVERCURRENT RELAYS FOR ANY RELAY X, BACKING UP THE NEXT DOWNSTREAM RELAY Y IS THAT X MUST PICK UP;

A) FOR ONE THIRD OF THE MINIMUM CURRENT SEEN BY Y AND

B) FOR THE MAXIMUM CURRENT SEEN BY Y BUT NO SOONER THAN 0.3S AFTER Y SHOULD HAVE PICKED UP FOR THAT CURRENT.

PRIMARY AND BACK UP PROTECTION

PRIMARY AND BACK UP PROTECTION SCHEMES

PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME

PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REMOVAL OF THE FAULT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE WHILE DEENERGISING AS LITTLE OF THE SYSTEM AS REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THIS.

PROBLEM: SOME PRIMARY AND BACK UP PROTECTION SCHEMES

COMPONENTS MAY FAIL HENCE THE NEED FOR BACK UP.

WHEN A SYSTEM IS ADEQUATELY PROTECTED, THERE IS ENHANCED ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SECURITY. SOMETIMES, THE PROTECTION SCHEME COMPONENTS FAIL. THIS AFFECTS THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM INTEGRITY.

1

T

R

P

R15

E

H

C

D

4

3

2

A

F

G

5

 

                                                                      

B

 

DIAGRAM SHOWING BACKUP PROTECTION IN A POWER SYSTEM

CONSIDER THE POWER SYSTEM SHOWN IN THE DRAWING

FOR A FAULT AT P

PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME WILL OPEN BREAKER F AND BREAKER G

BACK UP OPTIONS

DUPLICATE PRIMARY

IT IS EFFECTIVE BUT EXPENSIVE

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEMES

(THE DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME SHARE COMPONENTS EG. CB, BATTERIES WHICH OPERATE BREAKER TRIP COIL, CTS AND VTS)

BOTH PRIMARIES COULD BE EFFECTED BY THE FAILURE OF ONE OF THESE COMMON COMPONENTS.

{THE DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME  HAS THE PROBLEM OF COMMON MODE FAILURE.}

HENCE

REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION SYSTEM

REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION SYSTEM

THE POSSIBILITY OF A COMMON MODE OF FAILURE WITH THE PRIMARY PROTECTION SYSTEM IS SLIGHT.

IT IS INCOPORATED TO THE PRIMARY PROTECTION SYSTEM; AT THE REMOTE END.

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION SYSTEM

IT ISOLATES A LARGER PART OF THE SYSTEM IN THE EVENT OF A FAULT OR DUE TO FALSE TRIPPING. 

AN EXAMPLE TO ILLUSTRATE PRIMARY AND REMOTE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

EG.

IF PRIMARY PROTECTION AT BUS 1  FAILED TO CLEAR FAULT AT P (IF WE ASSUME THAT THE BUS 5 END OPERATES CORRECTLY,)

THE PRIMARY PROTECTION SYSTEM AT 2,3,4, CAN BE MADE OR ARRANGED TO TRIP A,D,H.

THIS MEANS THAT

PROTECTION SYSTEMS AT 2,3 & 4

CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE PRIMARY PROTECTION SHEMES FOR FAULS ON LINES 2-1, 3-1 AND 4-1 AND

REMOTE BACKUP FOR THE PRIMARY PROTECTION AT BUS 1 FOR LINE 1-5

THERE SHOULD BE A DELAY TO REDUCE THE NEUSANCE VALUE ASSOCIATED WITH BACKUP PROTECTION ESPECIALLY REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION.

HENCE THE BACKUP IS MADE SLOWER IN ACTING.

THE DELAY IS CALLED COORDINATION TIME DELAY.

THIS HELPS TO CORDINATE THE OPERATION OF THE PRIMARY AND THE BACKUP PROTECTION SYSTEM.

AN ALTERNATIVE BACKUP COULD BE TO TRIP B,C,E LOCATED AT BUS 1 CALLED LOCAL BACKUP PROTECTION.

THIS LOCAL BACKUP PROTECTION IS USED TO BACKUP THE FAILURE OF CB RESPONSIBLE FOR FAILT CLEARING (IN THIS CASE F)

ALSO CALLED BREAKER- FAILURE PROTECTION

NOTE THAT PRIMARY AND LOCAL PROTECTIONSYSTEMS SHARE CERTAIN SUBSYSTEM AND SUBSTATION COMPONENTS AND DEVICES

EG. STATION BATTERY

CERTAIN MODES OF FAILURE ARE COMMON TO THE TWO SYSTEMS

HENCE A WELL DESIGNED PROTECTION SYTEM WOULD HAVE SOME REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION.

BACKUP PROTECTION

BACKUP PROTECTION

THE PRINCIPLE OF BACKUP PROTECTION WITH OVERCURRENT RELAYS FOR ANY RELAY X, BACKING UP THE NEXT DOWNSTREAM RELAY Y IS THAT X MUST PICK UP;

A) FOR ONE THIRD OF THE MINIMUM CURRENT SEEN BY Y AND

B) FOR THE MAXIMUM CURRENT SEEN BY Y BUT NO SOONER THAN 0.3S AFTER Y SHOULD HAVE PICKED UP FOR THAT CURRENT.

PRIMARY AND BACK UP PROTECTION

PRIMARY AND BACK UP PROTECTION SCHEMES

PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME

PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REMOVAL OF THE FAULT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE WHILE DEENERGISING AS LITTLE OF THE SYSTEM AS REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THIS.

PROBLEM: SOME PRIMARY AND BACK UP PROTECTION SCHEMES

COMPONENTS MAY FAIL HENCE THE NEED FOR BACK UP.

WHEN A SYSTEM IS ADEQUATELY PROTECTED, THERE IS ENHANCED ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SECURITY. SOMETIMES, THE PROTECTION SCHEME COMPONENTS FAIL. THIS AFFECTS THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM INTEGRITY.

1

T

R

P

R15

E

H

C

D

4

3

2

A

F

G

5

 

                                                                      

B

 

DIAGRAM SHOWING BACKUP PROTECTION IN A POWER SYSTEM

CONSIDER THE POWER SYSTEM SHOWN IN THE DRAWING

FOR A FAULT AT P

PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME WILL OPEN BREAKER F AND BREAKER G

BACK UP OPTIONS

DUPLICATE PRIMARY

IT IS EFFECTIVE BUT EXPENSIVE

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEMES

(THE DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME SHARE COMPONENTS EG. CB, BATTERIES WHICH OPERATE BREAKER TRIP COIL, CTS AND VTS)

BOTH PRIMARIES COULD BE EFFECTED BY THE FAILURE OF ONE OF THESE COMMON COMPONENTS.

{THE DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION SCHEME  HAS THE PROBLEM OF COMMON MODE FAILURE.}

HENCE

REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION SYSTEM

REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION SYSTEM

THE POSSIBILITY OF A COMMON MODE OF FAILURE WITH THE PRIMARY PROTECTION SYSTEM IS SLIGHT.

IT IS INCOPORATED TO THE PRIMARY PROTECTION SYSTEM; AT THE REMOTE END.

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION SYSTEM

IT ISOLATES A LARGER PART OF THE SYSTEM IN THE EVENT OF A FAULT OR DUE TO FALSE TRIPPING. 

AN EXAMPLE TO ILLUSTRATE PRIMARY AND REMOTE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

EG.

IF PRIMARY PROTECTION AT BUS 1  FAILED TO CLEAR FAULT AT P (IF WE ASSUME THAT THE BUS 5 END OPERATES CORRECTLY,)

THE PRIMARY PROTECTION SYSTEM AT 2,3,4, CAN BE MADE OR ARRANGED TO TRIP A,D,H.

THIS MEANS THAT

PROTECTION SYSTEMS AT 2,3 & 4

CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE PRIMARY PROTECTION SHEMES FOR FAULS ON LINES 2-1, 3-1 AND 4-1 AND

REMOTE BACKUP FOR THE PRIMARY PROTECTION AT BUS 1 FOR LINE 1-5

THERE SHOULD BE A DELAY TO REDUCE THE NEUSANCE VALUE ASSOCIATED WITH BACKUP PROTECTION ESPECIALLY REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION.

HENCE THE BACKUP IS MADE SLOWER IN ACTING.

THE DELAY IS CALLED COORDINATION TIME DELAY.

THIS HELPS TO CORDINATE THE OPERATION OF THE PRIMARY AND THE BACKUP PROTECTION SYSTEM.

AN ALTERNATIVE BACKUP COULD BE TO TRIP B,C,E LOCATED AT BUS 1 CALLED LOCAL BACKUP PROTECTION.

THIS LOCAL BACKUP PROTECTION IS USED TO BACKUP THE FAILURE OF CB RESPONSIBLE FOR FAILT CLEARING (IN THIS CASE F)

ALSO CALLED BREAKER- FAILURE PROTECTION

NOTE THAT PRIMARY AND LOCAL PROTECTIONSYSTEMS SHARE CERTAIN SUBSYSTEM AND SUBSTATION COMPONENTS AND DEVICES

EG. STATION BATTERY

CERTAIN MODES OF FAILURE ARE COMMON TO THE TWO SYSTEMS

HENCE A WELL DESIGNED PROTECTION SYTEM WOULD HAVE SOME REMOTE BACKUP PROTECTION.